Alphand, Jean Charles Adolphe

French engineer and park designer. He worked with Baron Haussmann on the re-design of Paris and became responsible for many of the parks (including the Bois de Boulogne, the Park Monceau, the Bois de Vincennes, Buttes Chaumont, Montsouris and the gardens of the Champ-de-Mars below the Eifel Tower. His engineering expertise is reflected in the free-flowing 'railway curves' which characterise his designs. Alphand wrote books on Les Promenades de Paris (1867-73) and the text of L'art des jardins : parcs, jardins, promenades (1886) is available online.